Jomo Kenyatta University of The production of major food staples such as corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations. The commercialisation of the pigeon pea is now enabling some farmers to buy assets ranging from mobile phones to productive land and livestock, and is opening pathways for them to move out of poverty. [36] Bantu groups in Kenya include the Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, and Mijikenda, among others. The opposition party started by Oginga Odinga - Kenya People's Union (KPU) - was banned in 1969 following the Kisumu Massacre and KPU leaders were still in detention without trial in gross violation of the U.N. In the 17th century, the Swahili coast was conquered and came under the direct rule of the Omani Arabs, who expanded the slave trade to meet the demands of plantations in Oman and Zanzibar. They utilise high technology and produce high-value crops for the export market, especially flowers and vegetables. Legislative power is vested exclusively in Parliament. Nairobi's occupants were screened and the suspected Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps. December 28 1973. The estimated life expectancy dropped in 2009 to approximately 55 years — five years below the 1990 level. The government of the Republic of Kenya has fully automated the issuance of visa with effect from January 1, 2021. Kenya, call it Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga in Kikuyu, while the Embu call it "Kirenyaa". Destination Kenya, a country in East Africa bordering the Indian Ocean in south east, neighboring countries are Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. The Mau Mau, also known as the Kenya Land and Freedom Army, were primarily members of the Kikuyu ethnic group. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. [2] The Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya and surrounding countries. 38.5 percent of the Kenyan adult population is illiterate. Republic of Kenya, was at the time of the filing of the petition mandated to provide health services, create an enabling environment, regulate, and set standards and policy for health service delivery in Kenya. The World Bank estimated growth of 4.3% in 2012.[145]. "[127] Nevertheless, there have been serious allegations of human rights violations, most recently while conducting counter-insurgency operations in the Mt Elgon area[128] and also in the district of Mandera central. The colonial government decided to hold Kenya's first referendum in 1962 to check the willingness of Somalis in Kenya to join Somalia[60], The result of the referendum showed that 86% of Somalis in Kenya wanted to join Somalia, but the British colonial administration rejected the result and the Somalis remained in Kenya.[61][62]. [162][163], Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana. Before Kenya got its independence, Somali ethnic people in the present-day Kenya in the areas of Northern Frontier Districts petitioned Her Majesty's Government not to be included in Kenya. 1 1. The Republic of Kenya The Attorney General, with several interested parties like the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Jubilee Coalition with the Law Society of Kenya and the Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution standing in as friends of the court (Amicus Curiae). 25 of 2012", Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence, "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death", "Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights", "WikiLeaks wins Amnesty International 2009 Media Award", "Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? The northwestern Turkana region was especially affected,[91] with local schools shut down as a result. [171] The causes of child labour include poverty, the lack of access to education, and weak government institutions. [192] Kenya has by far the highest number of Quakers of any country in the world, with around 146,300 members. THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALTH KENYA COVID-19 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROJECT (P173820) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN (SEP) MAY 2020 2 … The Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), formerly the Joint Admissions Board (JAB), is responsible for selecting students joining the public universities. [116] In 2007, the government issued a statement declaring that from 2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidised, with the government footing all tuition fees.[117]. Kibaki was re-elected in highly contested elections marred by political and ethnic violence. [83][85] Following this win, Moi was constitutionally barred from vying for another presidential term. Through the Jubilee Coalition, the Bill was later passed on 19 December in the National Assembly under acrimonious circumstances.[118]. [212] There are very wide regional disparities: for example, Nairobi had the highest level of literacy at 87.1 per cent, compared to North Eastern Province, the lowest, at 8.0 per cent. However, its dominance has been eroded by wrangles within the now defunct Kenya Football Federation,[227] leading to a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March 2007. The official residence of … The Kenyatta family also heavily invested in the coastal hotel business, with Kenyatta personally owning the Leonard Beach Hotel. The Kenyan Highlands are one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Kenya is a member of the East African Community trade bloc, though some international trade organisations categorise it as part of the Greater Horn of Africa. Kenya as Mt. 81 on labour inspection in industries and Convention No. In Kenya, the management and control of the company has, through forgery, crime and complicity of the Republic of Kenya, been taken over by Kamlesh Pattni”. [194] Indigenous beliefs are practised by 0.7% of the population, although many self-identifying Christians and Muslims maintain some traditional beliefs and customs. At its height, its authority stretched over the entire length of the Swahili Coast, including Kenya. The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963, with independence being conferred on all of Kenya. 7 [National, official and other languages] "(1) The national language of the Republic is Swahili. Popular Kenyan newspapers include: Television stations based in Kenya include: All of these terrestrial channels are transmitted via a DVB T2 digital TV signal. Coconuts, pineapples, cashew nuts, cotton, sugarcane, sisal, and corn are grown in the lower-lying areas. Following Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became president. [96] Consequently, Kenya had a second round of elections for the presidential position, in which Uhuru emerged the winner after Raila refused to participate, citing irregularities. In 1414, the Chinese trader and explorer Zheng He, representing the Ming Dynasty, visited the East African coast on one of his last 'treasure voyages'. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege. Kenya won its independence from British colonial rule on 12 December 1963. Ludwig Krapf recorded the name as both Kenia and Kegnia. Parliament of Kenya seen from the Kenyatta International Conference Centre tower. Reports of sexual assault are not always taken seriously. Declaration of Human Rights. [99] Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east. [58] During this period, substantial governmental changes to land tenure occurred. It is usually cool at night and early in the morning inland at higher elevations. There are 47 Assembly seats that are reserved for women, and 12 seats are held by me… However, much of this growth has come from cash flows diverted from ordinary Kenyan pockets at the microeconomic level through targeted monetary and fiscal measures coupled with poor management, corruption, massive theft of public funds, overlegislation, and an ineffective judiciary, resulting in diminished incomes in ordinary households and small businesses, unemployment, underemployment, and general discontent across multiple sectors. (3) The State shall–-–- (a) promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya; and (b) promote the development and use of indigenous languages, Kenyan Sign language, Braille and other communication formats and technologies accessible to persons with disabilities.". The World Today: Concepts and Regions in Geography 4th edition. The supreme court upheld the election results and President Kenyatta began his term with William Ruto as the deputy president. [232], Cheese is becoming more popular in Kenya, with consumption increasing particularly among the middle class. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara, which is considered to be the 7th wonder of the world; historical mosques, and colonial-era forts at Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu; renowned scenery such as the white-capped Mount Kenya and the Great Rift Valley; tea plantations at Kericho; coffee plantations at Thika; a splendid view of Mount Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania;[149] and the beaches along the Swahili Coast, in the Indian Ocean. As of May 2011[update], economic prospects are positive with 4–5% GDP growth expected, largely because of expansions in tourism, telecommunications, transport, construction, and a recovery in agriculture. Malindi has traditionally been a friendly port city for foreign powers. The Maasai culture is well known to tourism, despite constituting a relatively small part of Kenya's population. [207] A colonial order of gender emerged where males dominated females. Previous research on early hominids is particularly identified with Mary Leakey and Louis Leakey, who were responsible for the preliminary archaeological research at Olorgesailie and Hyrax Hill. Urban radio generally only plays English music, though there also exist a number of vernacular radio stations. Nairobi has hosted several major continental sports events, including the FIBA Africa Championship 1993, where Kenya's national basketball team finished in the top four, its best performance to date.[229]. Benga music has been popular since the late 1960s, especially in the area around Lake Victoria. In the report, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) reported these in their key finding "e)", stating that the forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings appeared to be official policy sanctioned by the political leadership and the police.[139][140]. Kenya's best-known athletes include the four-time women's Boston Marathon winner and two-time world champion Catherine Ndereba, 800m world record holder David Rudisha, former marathon world record-holder Paul Tergat, and John Ngugi. [37], By the 1st century CE, many of the city-states such as Mombasa, Malindi, and Zanzibar began to establish trading relations with Arabs. [52] They and most of their descendants later remained in Kenya and formed the core of several distinct Indian communities such as the Ismaili Muslim and Sikh communities. In this regard, all passengers travelling to Kenya from countries that require visas to enter Kenya shall be required to apply and obtain e-visa before boarding an aircraft as no visas will be issued on arrival. The country has an extensive network of paved and unpaved roads. Kenya is governed under the constitution of 2010. In March 1996, the presidents of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda re-established the East African Community (EAC). Section of the peaks of Mount Kenya, highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro. In 2005, Kenyans rejected a plan to replace the 1963 independence constitution with a new one. Throughout World War II, Kenya was an important source of manpower and agriculture for the United Kingdom. Kenya ranks poorly on the Fragile States Index at number 25 out of 178 countries, ranked in 2019, and is placed in the ALERT category. M.G. The "short rains" season occurs from October to November/December. In what are by Kenyan standards unprecedented revelations, in 2010, credible claims of corruption were made with regard to recruitment[130] and procurement of armoured personnel carriers. @NanaGecaga @AdanMohamedCS @NanaGecaga @AdanMohamedCS I signed into law the Appropriation Bill 2018, authorizing the issue of Shs 1.4 trillion from the Consolidated Fund for delivery of public goods and services to Kenyans in the Financial Year 2018/19 which starts on 1st July 2018. has been publishing Kenyan contemporary literature. Kenya also has a cement production industry. Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics: six gold, four silver, and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. Kenya's climate varies from tropical along the coast to temperate inland to arid in the north and northeast parts of the country. 28—Human dignity. Noun 1. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is ranked 4th in Africa in terms of market capitalisation. Kenya's macroeconomic outlook has steadily posted robust growth over the past few decades, mostly from road and rail infrastructure projects. The capture of Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 in Nyeri signified the ultimate defeat of the Mau Mau and essentially ended the military offensive. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. [131] Further, the wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement have been publicly questioned.[132]. There are also a number of local hip-hop artists, including Jua Cali; Afro-pop bands such as Sauti Sol; and musicians who play local genres like Benga, such as Akothee. It is bordered to the north by South Sudan and Ethiopia, to the east by Somalia and the Indian Ocean, to the south by Tanzania, and to the While travelling with a Kamba caravan led by the legendary long-distance trader Chief Kivoi, Krapf spotted the mountain peak and asked what it was called. [200] However, the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya, as HIV prevalence is declining among young people (ages 15–24) and pregnant women. In 1952, Princess Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip were on holiday at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya when her father, King George VI, died in his sleep. The capture of Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure for the British. Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria. The young princess cut short her trip and returned home immediately to assume the throne. Each location has a chief, appointed by the state. [19], The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya. This would create a direct and robust delivery framework for the Action Plan and ensure climate change is treated as an economy-wide issue.[168]. An interim boundaries commission was formed in 2010 to review the constituencies and in its report, it recommended the creation of an additional 80 constituencies. Kenyans generally have three meals in a day—breakfast (kiamsha kinywa), lunch (chakula cha mchana), and supper (chakula cha jioni or simply chajio). 24 institutions offer business loans on a large scale, specific agriculture loans, education loans, and loans for all other purposes. Available from: Amnesty International Annual Report 1973-1974. According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material, the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC, a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. The shantytown is believed to house between 170,000[179] and 1 million people. Moi retained the presidency and George Saitoti became the vice-president. With an area of 580,000 km², the country is somewhat larger than Metropolitan France or slightly more than twice the size of … An official probe into the atrocities was later ordered in 2011. Kenyans divided » Capital News", Ludeki Chweya, John Kithome Tuta & S. Kichamu Akivaga 2005, "Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group", "Tourism, travel, and recreation - Kenya - area", "Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid", "Got roses this Valentine's Day? [92] The crisis was reportedly over by early 2012 because of coordinated relief efforts. [51], During the railway construction era, there was a significant influx of Indian workers, who provided the bulk of the skilled manpower required for construction. [86], Moi's plan to be replaced by Uhuru Kenyatta failed, and Mwai Kibaki, running for the opposition coalition "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), was elected president. "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." Notable prehistoric sites in the interior of Kenya include the (possibly archaeoastronomical) site Namoratunga on the west side of Lake Turkana and the walled settlement of Thimlich Ohinga in Migori County. In eastern Africa: The interior before the colonial era…the Rift Valley areas of Kenya and of Tanzania (especially at Olduvai Gorge) and along the Kagera River in Uganda. The current Kenya Defence Forces were established, and its composition laid out, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; the KDF is governed by the Kenya Defence Forces Act of 2012. Kenya has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.555 (medium), ranked 145 out of 186 in the world. It instead consists of the various cultures of the country's different communities. In between, they have the 10-o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 p.m. tea (chai ya saa kumi). [87] As a result, the elections of 2007 took place following the procedure set by the old constitution. Kenya's irrigation sector is categorised into three organizational types: smallholder schemes, centrally-managed public schemes, and private/commercial irrigation schemes. Rape, defilement, and battering are not always seen as serious crimes. Mwai Kibaki became the first president to serve under this new constitution while Uhuru Kenyatta became the first president elected under this constitution. [233][234], Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region, President Kibaki and the road to a new constitution, Devolution of government and separation of powers, Constitution (2009) Art. Most qualified students who miss out opt for middle-level diploma programs in public or private universities, colleges, and polytechnics. Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara[108] in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies. [111], Kenya has high levels of corruption according to Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a metric which attempts to gauge the prevalence of public-sector corruption in various countries. [77] This was seen as the climax of a very undemocratic regime and it led to widespread agitation for constitutional reform. Kenya, country in East Africa famed for its scenic landscapes and vast wildlife preserves. To become energy sufficient, Kenya has installed wind power and solar power (over 300 MW each), and aims to build a nuclear power plant by 2027. The increased temperatures, rainfall variability in arid and semi-arid areas, and strong winds associated with tropical cyclones have combined to create favorable conditions for the breeding and migration of pests. [2], Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. Tullow Oil estimates the country's oil reserves to be around one billion barrels. New York Times. Additionally, Kenya has also been nurturing emerging versatile authors such as Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) who demonstrate a pan-African outlook (see Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy (2017). Kenya's railway system links the nation's ports and major cities, connecting it with neighbouring Uganda. In 2013, it launched a National Climate Change Action Plan, having acknowledged that omitting climate as a key development issue in Vision 2030 was an oversight failure. The e-visa can be obtained through www.evisa.go.ke Further, 1 million Kenyans are reliant on informal groups for receiving financial aid. The Swahili built Mombasa into a major port city and established trade links with other nearby city-states, as well as commercial centres in Persia, Arabia, and even India. [55] (one depiction of this period of change from one colonist's perspective is found in the memoir Out of Africa by Danish author Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, published in 1937). Although it held on to power, KANU won 100 seats and lost 88 seats to the six opposition parties. [126] The President of Kenya is the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces. Shortfalls of electricity occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. [65] A ceasefire was eventually reached with the signature of the Arusha Memorandum in October 1967, but relative insecurity prevailed through 1969. [161] The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), established in 1997 under the name of Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while Kenya Power handles the electricity transmission and distribution system in the country. [88] This made Odinga the second prime minister of Kenya. Republic of Kenya synonyms, Republic of Kenya pronunciation, Republic of Kenya translation, English dictionary definition of Republic of Kenya. [84] His win was strongly criticised by his major opponents, Kibaki and Odinga, as being fraudulent. Executive power is exercised by the government. Kenya has good relations with the United Kingdom. [109], Kenya had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.2/10, ranking it 133rd globally out of 172 countries. [113], Following general elections held in 1997, the Constitution of Kenya Review Act, designed to pave the way for more comprehensive amendments to the Kenyan constitution, was passed by the national parliament.[114]. The bicameral legislature consists of the 349-seat National Assembly and the 67-seat Senate, Most members are directly elected. Other than the public schools, there are many private schools, mainly in urban areas. This practice is however on the decline as the country becomes more modernised, and in 2011 it was banned in Kenya. [202], The total fertility rate in Kenya was estimated to be 4.49 children per woman in 2012. [150], A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has had some success in helping farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties instead of maize, in particularly dry areas. [63], Concurrently, the Kenyan army fought the Shifta War against ethnic Somali rebels inhabiting the Northern Frontier District who wanted to join their kin in the Somali Republic to the north. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. [25] An 1882 map drawn by Joseph Thompsons, a Scottish geologist and naturalist, indicated Mt. Bass, guitar, and percussion are the usual instruments. The numbers are estimated to be around 60,287 people or 0.13% of the population.[2]. [107], The "Big Five" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant, can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara in particular. The country has no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion Kipchoge Keino helped usher in Kenya's ongoing distance dynasty in the 1970s and was followed by Commonwealth Champion Henry Rono's spectacular string of world record performances. [171] In 2006, UNICEF estimated that up to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution.